QA- Quality Management Tools
The Light of Quality, The Path of Science, The Power of Evidence, The Use of Tools.
SETsafe | SETfuse In order to provide high-quality products to the market, more quality tools are used in the process of product design and manufacturing. The main function of quality tools is to carry out statistical analysis and decision-making on the distribution law of quality data, quality influencing factors, quality process and quality improvement. Specifically, quality tools can help SETsafe | SETfuse stabilize the manufacturing process, warn of quality problems, identify special causes, make good use of machinery and equipment, improve evaluation, increase efficiency, enhance customer satisfaction, improve competitiveness, better risk management, increase employee engagement, improve compliance, and greater transparency. High-quality product design and manufacturing are inseparable from the use of these quality tools.
SETsafe | SETfuse Use The Following Tools (Including but Not Limited to):
DOE
APQP
PPAP
DFMEA
PFMEA
MSA
QCFC
Six Sigma
SPC（CPK、PPK、Xbar-R chart、P chart……）
8D
Fishbone Diagram (cause and effect diagram)
Pareto
Control Charts (Control Charts)
Data Collection Form
Stratification
Histogram
Scatter
Flow Chart
Gantt Chart
Radar Chart
Regression Analysis
Balanced Scorecard
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis)
POKA-YOKE (Error Prevention System)
QFD (Statistical Methods for Project Management such as Function Expansion)
PERT Chart (Program Assessment and Review Technology Network Analysis Method)
5W2H principle
PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle
DOE (Design of Experiments):
It is a design of experiments method used to explore and validate the effects of factors on outcomes. In DOE, experiments are often divided into multiple combinations, each of which controls a factor and measures its effect on the outcome. In this way, it is possible to get a more complete picture of the influence of factors on the outcome and to determine the optimal combination of factors.
APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning):
It is a structured approach to identifying and defining the steps required to ensure that a product satisfies customers.
PPAP (Production Part Approval Process):
It is a process used to confirm that the supplier understands all product and process requirements and try their best to meet these requirements.
DFMEA (Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis):
It is a risk management technique that focuses on identifying potential failure modes in product design. It is a preventative quality management tool designed to identify, evaluate, and reduce potential failure modes and their effects in product design.
PFMEA (Process Failure Mode & Effect Analyse):
It is an analytical method used to identify and evaluate potential failures of a system, product, or process.
MSA (Measurement System Analyse):
It is an analytical tool used to evaluate and improve the quality of measurement systems.
QCFC (Quality Control Flow Chart):
Used to describe and control the quality process of a product or service. QCFC can help us understand and optimize work processes, improve work efficiency, reduce errors, and thus improve the quality of products or services.
Six Sigma:
Six Sigma is a management philosophy and quality improvement tool that aims to improve and optimize the production process and reduce the defect rate through statistical methods. The core philosophy of Six Sigma is the pursuit of "zero defect" in the pursuit of perfect business. It collects data and analyzes results to reduce defects in products and services. The principle behind Six Sigma is that if you detect how many defects there are in your project, you can figure out how to systematically reduce defects and make your project as perfect as possible.
SPC (Statistical Process Control):
It is a process control tool with the help of mathematical statistical methods. It analyzes and evaluates the production process, finds the signs of systemic factors in time according to the feedback information, and takes measures to eliminate its influence, so that the process is maintained in a controlled state that is only affected by random factors, so it can achieve the purpose of quality control.
CPK (Complex Process Capability index):
It means that only with strong process capability can products with high quality and reliability be produced. In CPK calculation, there are maximum and minimum values, that is, CPU and CPL are the maximum and minimum values of CPK. CPL is a concept in CPK. The CPL value directly affects the accuracy of the CPK indicator.
PPK (Performance Index of Process):
It is an index used to calculate process capacity or process capability in the control chart in SPC, which refers to the process performance of sample data when considering process deviations.
Xbar-R chart：
It is used when the control object is the measurement value of length, weight, strength, purity, time, shrinkage and production volume. The X-R chart is mainly used to observe the change of the mean of the normal distribution, the R control chart is mainly used to observe the change of the dispersion or variation of the normal distribution, and the X-R control chart is used in combination to observe the change of the normal distribution.
P Chart：
Also known as the non-conformance rate control chart, it is a statistical tool used to monitor and control the non-conformance rate in the production process. It is a control chart of count values, and its statistical basis is a binomial distribution.
Fishbone Diagram (cause and effect diagram):
It is a graphical tool that identifies, explores, and displays all the possible causes that may be contributing to a particular event or problem.
8D (Eight Disciplines Problem Solving 8D):
It is a way to deal with and solve problems. The purpose of the 8D Problem Solving method is to identify recurring problems, correct and eliminate the problem, and contribute to the improvement of products and processes. Items included in the 8D report:
D0 - Emergency response measures, D1 - Establishment of improvement team, D2 - Description of the problem, D3 - Temporary measures, D4 - Root cause analysis and verification, D5 - Permanent measures, D6 - Confirmation of the effectiveness of corrective actions, D7 - Prevention of recurrence and standardization, D8 - Confirmation of case closure.
Plato:
It is a bar chart that is used to prioritize improvement efforts. It helps us identify and prioritize issues or causes that will bring the most improvement.
Control Chart:
It is a tool for tracking process performance and controlling quality. It can help us identify variability in the process.
Histogram:
It is a graphical representation that shows the distribution of data.
Scatter Plot:
It is a graphical tool used to study the relationship between two variables.
Flow Chart:
It is a graphical representation that shows the steps, sequences, and interactions of a process.
Gantt Chart:
It is a project management tool that illustrates the relationship between work done among a period of time and the work is scheduled.
Radar Chart:
It is a kind of visualization. It starts with a central point and extends outward from a central point, with each ray representing a specific variable or metric. The dots or segments on each ray represent the values or scores of the variable in different dimensions. Radar charts are often used to compare the performance of multiple variables in different dimensions and to show the relative relationship between them. The performance of each variable on the radar chart can be represented by length, angle, area, etc. By observing the shape and variation of the radar chart, it is possible to intuitively understand the relative importance, degree of difference, and trend of each variable.
Regression Analysis:
It is a predictive modeling technique that studies the relationship between the dependent variable (the target) and the independent variable (the predictor). This technique is commonly used in predictive analysis, time series modeling, and to discover causal relationships between variables.
Balanced Score Card:
It is a performance management tool designed to help organizations measure, monitor, and manage the achievement of their strategic goals. It provides a systematic approach to identifying an organization's key performance indicators (KPI) and linking these to the organization's strategic goals.
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA):
It is a top-down deductive failure analysis method that uses Boolean logic to combine low-order events to analyze undesirable states in the system. Fault tree analysis is mainly used in the field of safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand the cause of system failures and find the best way to reduce the risk or confirm the incidence of a security incident or a specific system failure.
POKA-YOKE (Error-proofing System):
It is a design approach and the goal is to reduce the chance of errors and improve work efficiency and product quality. Its basic principle is: use a set of equipment or methods to make the operator directly and obviously find defects during operation or make no defects after operation error. Operators can complete self-inspection through POKA-YOKE, and mistakes will be obvious, and POKA-YOKE also ensures that the set requirements must be met before the operation can be completed.
Quality Function Deployment:
It is a systematic approach to translating customer needs into product design requirements and production requirements. The core concept of QFD is to translate customer needs into product design requirements and production requirements. It ensures that customer needs are adequately met at every stage of the product development process by establishing a hierarchical mapping between customer needs and product design requirements. This customer-oriented approach enables enterprises to grasp the market dynamics more accurately in the product development process and improve the market competitiveness of products.
Typical quality management tools under the QFD architecture:
Affinity Diagrams:
It is help to bring the needs of customers which with deep structural characteristics to the surface.
Relations Diagrams:
It is used to identify priority needs, root causes of product quality process issues, and the customer needs without tell anything.
Hierarchy Trees:
It is used to find defects and omissions in affinity plots and tree plots.
Various Matrixes:
It is used to indicate the relationship between indicators, priorities, responsibilities, etc.
Process Decision Program Diagrams:
It is used to analyze the potential factors that may cause a new product or service to fail.
Analytic Hierarchy Process:
Prioritize a range of customer needs and select design and production solutions that meet those needs.
Blueprinting:
It is used to analyze and describe the entire process of providing a product or service.
House of Quality:
It is a graphical method of determining the connection between customer needs and the performance of the corresponding product or service. The quality house is composed of customer needs, product characteristics, planning matrix, the relationship between customer needs and product characteristics, the relationship between characteristics and characteristics, and target values.
Program Evaluation and Review Technique:
It is a project management tool for planning and controlling complex tasks and projects. A PERT chart is a flowchart-like arrow chart that depicts the sequence of activities included in a project, indicating the time or associated costs of each activity. For the PERT network, the project manager must consider what needs to be done, identify time dependencies, and identify potential areas where things could go wrong.
5W2H Rule:
It is a problem-solving tool that answers the seven questions "What, Why, Who, When, Where, How, How Much". From the seven questions to find out the root cause of the problem.
PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) Cycle:
It is a method of continuous improvement that achieves the goal of continuous improvement through repeated planning, execution, inspection and action.
